What are Cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids are a diverse class of chemical compounds that are found naturally in the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa). These compounds interact with specific receptors in the human body’s endocannabinoid system or ECS, producing a wide range of physiological and psychological effects.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex network of receptors, neurotransmitters, and enzymes that plays a vital role in regulating various physiological processes in the human body. It is named after cannabinoids, the compounds found in cannabis plants, which can also be produced naturally by our own bodies.

The ECS was discovered during research on the effects of cannabis on the human body. Scientists observed that cannabinoids from cannabis plants were able to interact with specific receptors in the body, leading to various effects such as pain relief, mood regulation, and immune system modulation.

The endocannabinoid system consists of three main components: endocannabinoids, receptors, and enzymes. Endocannabinoids are natural cannabinoids that are produced by our own bodies. The two primary endocannabinoids identified so far are anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).

Receptors are proteins that are found on the surface of cells throughout the body. There are two main types of cannabinoid receptors: CB1 receptors, which are primarily found in the brain and central nervous system, and CB2 receptors, which are primarily found in immune cells and peripheral tissues. These receptors play a crucial role in transmitting signals from endocannabinoids and cannabinoids to various parts of the body.

Enzymes are responsible for breaking down endocannabinoids once they have served their purpose. The two main enzymes involved in this process are fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL).

The endocannabinoid system is involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including pain sensation, mood regulation, appetite, immune function, and sleep. When the body is out of balance or experiences certain conditions, such as chronic pain or inflammation, the endocannabinoid system may become dysregulated.

Cannabinoids from cannabis and hemp plants can interact with the receptors in the endocannabinoid system, helping to restore balance and alleviate symptoms. This is why cannabinoids have been found to have therapeutic potential for various conditions, such as chronic pain, epilepsy, anxiety, and more.

What is a PhytoCannabinoid?

The cannabis plant contains over 100 known phytocannabinoids, with CBD and THC being two of the most well-known and extensively studied. Phytocannabinoids are shaped in a way that allows them bind with cannabinoid receptors within the endocannabinoid system at a molecular level. The ECS is a regulatory subsystem present in all vertebrates which helps to maintain internal balance. Presently, two different types of CB receptors have been identified by researchers: CB1 and CB2. These receptors are distributed throughout the brain and body.

What are Terpenes?

In addition to these phytocannabinoids, hemp also contains terpenes, which are organic compounds responsible for the plant’s unique aroma and flavor. Terpenes can be found in a wide range of plants and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Different strains of hemp can have varying concentrations of terpenes, resulting in different smells and tastes. Moreover, recent research has shown that terpenes may also contribute to the overall therapeutic effects of hemp. Scientists have discovered a relationship between cannabinoids and terpenes known as the “entourage effect”. This theory suggests that when cannabinoids and terpenes are present together in cannabis or hemp products, they work synergistically to enhance each other’s effects. In other words, the combination of various plant compounds is more effective than isolating individual components on their own. This concept has

On the other hand, hemp-derived cannabinoids refer specifically to cannabinoids that are extracted from the hemp plant (a variety of Cannabis sativa) rather than from marijuana (another variety of Cannabis sativa). Hemp is legally defined as having less than 0.3% THC content, so hemp-derived cannabinoids typically contain lower levels of THC compared to marijuana-derived cannabinoids.

Hemp Derived Cannabinoids

Hemp-derived cannabinoids refer to the cannabinoids that are extracted from hemp plants. These cannabinoids have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits.

CBD, or cannabidiol, is a popular compound found in hemp plants that has gained significant attention for its potential health benefits. To obtain CBD from hemp plants, several extraction methods are commonly used. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of extraction method depends on various factors such as the desired end product and the scale of production.

Hemp Extraction Techniques

1. CO2 Extraction:

One of the most common and widely used methods for CBD extraction is CO2 extraction. This method utilizes carbon dioxide under high pressure and low temperature to extract cannabinoids from the hemp plant. CO2 extraction is known for its ability to produce high-quality CBD with a high level of purity. It is also considered a safe and environmentally friendly method, as the CO2 used in the process can be recycled.

2. Solvent Extraction:

Solvent extraction is another common method used for CBD extraction. This method involves using a solvent, such as ethanol or butane, to dissolve the cannabinoids from the hemp plant. The solvent is then evaporated, leaving behind the concentrated CBD extract. Solvent extraction can be more cost-effective and efficient compared to other methods, but it may also leave trace amounts of solvents in the final product if not properly evaporated.

3. Olive Oil Extraction:

Olive oil extraction is a simple and safe method for CBD extraction that can be done at home. It involves heating the hemp plant material in olive oil to extract the cannabinoids. The resulting mixture is then filtered, and the CBD-infused oil can be used in various products. While this method may produce high-quality CBD, it is less efficient and may result in lower yields compared to other extraction methods. Additionally, the shelf life of CBD-infused olive oil may be shorter compared to other CBD products.

4. Steam Distillation:

Steam distillation is a method commonly used for extracting essential oils from plants, including hemp. This method involves passing steam through the hemp plant material, which vaporizes the cannabinoids and other compounds. The vapor is then condensed and collected, resulting in a concentrated CBD oil. Steam distillation is considered a gentle extraction method that can preserve the natural qualities of the cannabinoids. However, it may not be as efficient as other methods and may require additional steps to separate the CBD oil from water.

Hemp-derived cannabinoids are extracted from hemp plants which have higher levels of CBD and lower levels of THC compared to marijuana-derived cannabinoids. The extraction process for CBD involves various methods, including CO2 extraction, solvent extraction, olive oil extraction, and steam distillation. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of extraction method depends on factors such as the desired end product and production scale. It is important to choose a reliable and reputable source of hemp-derived cannabinoids to ensure quality and safety.

Another important cannabinoid found in hemp is cannabigerol (CBG). CBG has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial properties. It may also have potential as a treatment for glaucoma and other eye conditions.

Psychoactive Cannabinoids in Hemp

Delta 8, Delta 9, HHC, THC-P, THC-A, and THC-B are all different types of cannabinoids derived from hemp, each with its own unique properties and potential benefits. Understanding these six cannabinoids and their unique properties can provide insights into the potential benefits and effects they may have on the human body. Further research is necessary to fully comprehend their therapeutic potential and determine how they can be utilized effectively.

• Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta 8) is a minor cannabinoid found in both hemp and cannabis plants. It is similar to Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta 9), the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, but it has a less potent effect. Delta-8 THC is known for its calming and uplifting properties, making it a popular choice for those seeking a more mellow and balanced experience.
• HHC or Hexahydrocannabinol is another minor cannabinoid found in hemp. It has been shown to have similar effects to THC, but with a reduced psychoactive potency. HHC may offer potential therapeutic benefits such as pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects.
• THC-P or Tetrahydrocannabiphorol is a newly discovered cannabinoid that has been found in trace amounts in certain hemp strains. It is believed to be even more potent than Delta 9 THC, although further research is needed to fully understand its properties and potential benefits.
• THC-A, or Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, is the non-psychoactive precursor to THC. When cannabis plants are heated, THC-A decarboxylates and transforms into THC, the compound known for its psychoactive properties. However, THC-A itself has shown promise in various studies for its potential anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-nausea properties.
• THC-B (Tetrahydrocannabinol B) is a minor cannabinoid that has been found in small amounts in certain hemp strains. It is structurally similar to Delta 9 THC but has different effects and potency. More research is needed to fully understand the properties and potential benefits of THC-B.

Cannabinoid Extraction Methods

The process of making delta 8 involves several steps. First, CBD is extracted from hemp plants, which have legal limits of THC under the 2018 Farm Bill. This extraction is done using solvents like carbon dioxide or ethanol to remove impurities as mentioned above. CBD is used as the starting material for delta 8 because it is abundant CBD and predominantly non-psychoactive.

Isomerization

Next, CBD is transformed into delta 8 THC through a process called isomerization. This is done using a catalyst like hydrochloric acid to facilitate the reaction. After isomerization, the delta 8 THC extract is still impure, so it goes through a refining and purification process. One common method is chromatography, which separates compounds based on their chemical properties. By passing the extract through a chromatography column, unwanted compounds are removed, leaving behind a pure delta 8 THC extract. This is a complicated process and is typically conducted by a chemist.

C02, Hydrocarbon, or Ethanol Extraction

Cannabinoids with acidic properties can be extracted from hemp or cannabis flower through methods such as CO2, hydrocarbon, or ethanol extraction, particularly from freshly frozen or recently harvested plants. They can also be extracted through physical separation techniques, such as the hash making process. During the extraction processes, extraction technicians follow specific parameters to ensure optimal extraction of cannabinoids while reducing heat exposure to the extract. After being extracted, the cannabinoids can undergo purification through processes like winterization or other filtration techniques in order to eliminate any waxes and other unwanted components from the solution. Crystallization can be promoted by gently either raising or lowering the temperature of the refined extract, resulting in the initiation of nucleation of the acidic cannabinoid crystals. The process of heating or cooling is dependent on the type of solvent used for extracting cannabinoids. Multiple nucleation and filtration steps are employed to enhance the purity of the acidic cannabinoid fractions. Chromatography can also be utilized as a method for separating cannabinoids and other compounds from the extract mixture. On the other hand, chromatography is more expensive and presents more challenges when it comes to scaling.

Reference: Cannabis Science Technology

Hemp Cannabinoid Education and Questions

Is hemp considered a drug?

Hemp, a variety of the Cannabis plant, is commonly associated with its psychoactive counterpart, marijuana. However, unlike marijuana, hemp contains very low levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the compound responsible for the mind-altering effects typically associated with cannabis use. Instead, hemp is primarily valued for its industrial applications and its potential as a source of various non-intoxicating cannabinoids such as CBD. So, while hemp is a variety of the Cannabis plant, it is not considered a drug due to its low THC content under the 2018 Farm Bill.

Is delta 8 legal?

Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8 THC) is a cannabinoid found in hemp plants. It is a structural variant of the more commonly known delta-9 THC, which is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis. Given its similarities to delta-9 THC, many people wonder about the legal status of delta-8.

The legal landscape surrounding delta-8 THC is complex and varies by jurisdiction. In the United States, for example, the legality of delta-8 THC is determined at the state level. Some states have explicitly legalized delta-8 THC, while others have banned it or have ambiguous regulations. It’s important to research and understand the specific laws in your area before purchasing or using delta-8 THC products.

It’s worth checking out our blog post on Delta 8 THC Legal Status by State for more information on the legalities of delta8.

What is delta 8 and how is it different from delta 9?

Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most well-known cannabinoid, responsible for the intoxicating effects commonly associated with marijuana. It binds to CB1 receptors in the brain, resulting in psychoactive effects such as euphoria, relaxation, and altered perception.

Delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8 THC) is a less potent variant of delta-9 THC. It also binds to CB1 receptors but with a lower affinity, resulting in milder psychoactive effects. Some users describe the effects of delta-8 THC as more uplifting and less anxiety-inducing compared to delta-9 THC.

What are the potential effects and benefits of delta 8?

Delta 8 is one of the many cannabinoids found in hemp plants, and it has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential effects and benefits. Similar to delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, delta 8 also exhibits psychotropic properties, although to a lesser degree. However, unlike delta 9 THC, which is known for its strong psychoactive effects, delta 8 THC is reported to provide a more mild and manageable high. Users often describe the effects of delta 8 as being uplifting, relaxing, and euphoric, but without the anxiety or paranoia commonly associated with delta 9 THC.

In addition to its potential recreational use, delta 8 THC also has potential therapeutic benefits. Some studies have suggested that delta 8 THC may have anti-nausea, analgesic (pain-relieving), and neuroprotective properties. It may also help stimulate appetite and reduce anxiety. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of delta 8 THC and its specific mechanisms of action.

Does delta 8 get you high?

Delta 8 does have psychoactive effects, meaning it can get you high. However, these effects are generally considered to be milder compared to those produced by Delta 9 THC, the more well-known and commonly found cannabinoid. Delta 8 can induce a euphoric or psychoactive experience, but it is typically reported to be less intense or overwhelming than Delta 9 THC. The level of intoxication and the specific experience may vary depending on the individual and the dosage consumed. For a deeper dive on Does Delta 8 get you high check out our blog post.

What is HHC?

HHC, short for Hexahydrocannabinol, is a relatively new and lesser-known cannabinoid derived from hemp. Similar to other cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, HHC interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), which plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and overall well-being.

HHC has gained attention within the cannabis community due to its potential therapeutic benefits and unique properties. It is reported to have a more uplifting and energizing effect compared to other cannabinoids, making it appealing to those looking for a boost in mood and focus. Some users also claim that HHC provides pain relief, relaxation, and anti-inflammatory effects.

For more on the subject of What is HHC? please check out of blog post.

What is THC-P?

THCP, also known as tetrahydrocannabiphorol, is a recently discovered cannabinoid derived from hemp. It belongs to the class of compounds called cannabinoids, which are naturally occurring chemical compounds found in cannabis plants.

THCP was first identified and isolated in 2019 by Italian researchers at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. The discovery of THCP has sparked interest in the scientific and cannabis communities due to its potential potency and effects.

THCP is reported to have a much higher affinity for CB1 receptors, which are primarily found in the brain, compared to other cannabinoids like delta-9 THC. This means that THCP may have a stronger psychoactive effect than other cannabinoids.

While research on THCP is still limited, preliminary studies suggest that it may have potential therapeutic benefits, similar to other cannabinoids. It may have analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, more research is needed to fully understand the specific effects and mechanisms of action of THCP.

If you want to learn more about What is THC-P check out our blog post.

STNR Creations Delta 8 Products

All in all, hemp-derived cannabinoid products like STNR Creations Edible’s have gained attention for their potential effects and benefits. Delta 8 THC is known for providing a mild and manageable high, with uplifting and relaxing effects without the anxiety or paranoia commonly associated with delta 9 THC. It may also have therapeutic benefits such as anti-nausea, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. If you are looking for a delta 8 vape product check out STNR Creations Disposable collection.